An environment for peer-to-peer high performance computing. (Un environnement pour le calcul intensif pain à pain)

The concept of peer-to-peer (P2P) has known great developments these years in the domains of le sharing, video streaming and distributed databases. Recent advances in microprocessors architecture and networks permit one to consider new applications like distributed high performance computing. However, the implementation of this new type of application on P2P networks gives raise to numerous challenges like heterogeneity, scalability and robustness. In addition, existing transport protocols like TCP and UDP are not well suited to this new type of application. This thesis aims at designing a decentralized and robust environment for the implementation of high performance computing applications on peer-to-peer networks. We are interested in applications in the domains of numerical simulation and optimization that rely on tasks parallel models and that are solved via parallel or distributed iterative algorithms. Unlike existing solutions, our environment allows frequent direct communications between peers. The environment is based on a self adaptive communication protocol that can recon gure itself dynamically by choosing the most appropriate communication mode between any peers according to decisions concerning the scheme of computation that are made at the application level or elements of context at transport level, like topology. We present and analyze computational results obtained on several testeds like GRID'5000 and PlanetLab for the obstacle problem and nonlinear network ow problems.